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Examines how organized group protests & boycotts influenced scientific practice in the research of an experimental drug (AZT) for the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in San Francisco, CA, & Miami, FL, in the late 1980s & 1990s. Leading gay rights movements in the US protested against pharmaceutical research that administered placebos to patients for the sake of control groups. The clinic boycotts & public attention forced researchers & pharmaceutical sponsors to engage more with society in general & to redesign their research procedures. Increased communication between the activists & researchers created a more tranquil & productive setting for the scientists & prompted a valuable exchange between researchers & patients. Activists in turn learned more about the scientific process involved in drug research & treatment. 19 References. Adapted from the source document.

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record ; This study was carried out in two regions in Spain (Catalonia and Galicia) through eight focus groups; four for dairy farmers and four for veterinarians. The results showed that dairy farmers and veterinarians attributed responsibility to one another for not following biosecurity practices. The study brings to light contradictions among veterinarians and certain individual veterinary practices that participated in the study, which lead to doubt and confusion on the part of dairy farmers. Distinct perceptions were also identified of the role that government authorities should play in relation both to training and sanctions as a means of improving biosecurity on dairy farms. Additionally, the participants expressed varying opinions as to whether biosecurity measures ought to be made mandatory or remain voluntary. Results from this study highlight the need to promote initiatives through which distinct stakeholders such as veterinarians, government authorities, and dairy farmers can develop consensus-based messages on the implementation of biosecurity practices. ; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation ; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ; National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT), Chile ; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain